Modeling of the rural distribution system with applications of microgrids, to evaluate reliability

Abstract

Modern society is faced with an unsustainable energy system. Therefore, in recent years innovative solutions have emerged in order to modernize distribution systems. The concept of Microgrids (MGs) is key within these solutions, since the implementation of these would improve the quality of supply, reliability and provide cleaner energy at lower costs. Despite its advantages, researchers in the area of MGs currently face great challenges. An example of this is the evaluation of the reliability of rural distribution systems with MGs. In this thesis, a rural distribution system with MGs was modeled, with representation in reliability parameters, using the Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation Method, with the objective of evaluating the impact on the reliability of rural distribution systems when MGs are introduced. For this, different levels of penetration of photovoltaic and conventional distributed generation systems and energy storage systems were explored. The results showed that the method proposed based on Monte Carlo computational simulation with a sequential approach and the use of real data allows the reliability evaluation of rural distribution systems with Microgrids applications, even for large-scale distribution systems that involve complex operating conditions. It was identified that, for the proposed scenarios, the inclusion of Microgrids components induce an increase in the reliability of the rural distribution system. In addition, provides information to make recommendations on the sizing of the different systems that make up MGs, with the ultimate goal of meeting specific reliability objectives. La sociedad moderna se enfrenta a un sistema energético insostenible, debido a la creciente demanda energética (se espera que se duplique en 20 años) y al envejecimiento de las actuales redes eléctricas, entre otros. Lo anterior, es más notorio en sistemas de distribución rural, especialmente en países en desarrollo, siendo esto consecuencia de ubicaciones remotas y clientes altamente dispersos conectados a redes aéreas débiles con topologías radiales sin redundancia. Para hacer frente a estos retos y muchos otros, en años recientes nace el concepto de Smart-Grids, que integra el sistema de potencia convencional con sistemas de generación distribuida convencionales o renovables, sistemas de almacenamiento de energía y vehículos eléctricos, utilizando para esto sistemas de protecciones avanzados, sistemas de control inteligentes y tecnologías de la información y las telecomunicaciones.